مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Cryptosporidiosis is a gastro-intestinal disease that cause diarrhea or even death in immunodeficient humans and animals. In this study, 85 stray dogs )52 male and 33 female) faecal samples were randomly collected directly from rectum ranging of with ages between 6-12 month. Cryptosporidium oocysts were concentrated by using the formalin ether sedimentation method followed by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. 1 out of 85 stool samples were positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis between stray dogs was 1.1%. The low outbreak of Cryptosporidium in stray dogs in the studied areas and the fact that dogs are mainly infected with C.canis unlike humans who are mostly infected with C.parvum and C.huminis indicate that the risk of transferring the disease from stray dogs to humans in this research isn’t high. However, due to the importance of this protozoa in immunocompromised humans, preventive measures should be paid attention.

Hepatic diseases in sheep represent one of the major complaints in ovidae veterinary practice. Parasitic diseases in sheep are of high concidration and among these , liver parasitic infestation which are paid special attention, are diagnosed through post mortem or post slaughter examination. In the present study which was conducted in Myandoaab slaughterhouse for a period of 3 mounths in Fall 1394, livers belong to 1041 heads of slaughtered sheep and belong to both sexes were examined postslaughter. After inserting proper disections to the lungs with macroscopic lesions, adequate number of photomacrographs were obtained. In general 116 (11.14%) livers were condemned, out of which 94 (81.03%) were infested with D. dendriticum, 7 (6.03%) with F. hepatica, 9 (7.76%) with Hydatid cyst, and 6 (5.17%) with C. taenuiculis. The results obtained out of this study revealed that the D. dendriticum was found as the most prevalent cause of liver condemnation in Myandoaab slaughterhouse.

Ectoparasite infestation of poultry is one of the sources of infestation for industrial poultry, thereby constituting economic losses.The study was aimed to determine prevalence and species diversity of ectoparasites infestation of poultry in Ardabil province, Iran. A total of 1241 native chickens from 17 villages were randomly investigated. The feathers and skin were investigated using the scraping method. The fissures and crevices inside walls were searched for soft ticks. Body surface and feathers were also searched for mites and lice. Flies were trapped in nests. The overall prevalence was 5.88% with the highest infestation in fall (2.09%) and the central part (2.27%) of the region. There was no significant difference between prevalence and both geographic and seasonal distribution. Lice (3.18%), soft ticks (1.63%) and flies (1.07%) had the highest prevalence in south (0.89%), center (0.32%) and north (0.33%), respectively. The species diversity of ectoparasites with the highest prevalence was for Monopon galinae (1.72%) followed by Argas pesrsicus (1.63%) and Musca domestica (1.07%). All infested chickens had also mixed infestation with two (12.51%) and three (9.77%) species of ectoparasites. Results of this study uncovered the low prevalence of ectoparasites; however, it may be an important source of infestation for industrial poultry in the region.

Dirofilariosis or Heartworm infection is one of the most important disease of members of the family Canidae that caused by dirofilaria immitis nematode. The disease has been Zoonosis and in terms of public health is important. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis infection in Urban and rural dogs of semnan city by modified knott test. Blood samples were collected from 112 dogs and all of the information of sampling was recorded. All samples were examined by modified Knott test and the sediments were analyzed for the presence of microfilaria. According to the morphological characteristics of microfilaria determining the species was also conducted. Of the total 112 dogs, 11 samples (9.82%) were positive.

Supervision on bird's health Care is of great importance because of its close and direct contact with people. For this descriptive cross-sectional study, by referring to 27 villages of around Hamedan province, fecal samples were collected from 400 domestic birds (100 chicken, 100 rooster, 100 duck, and 100 turkey) and 100 fecal samples were collected from each bird.. Sampling was done by cluster sampling method consisting of three different climates including cold and mountainous, cold and low altitude, temperate and low altitude. Before sampling, age and sex of each bird were recorded in the specification form, then the samples were transmitted to parasitology laboratory of Faculty of Para Veterinary Science, and the samples were tested microscopically for detection of various parasites contamination applying standard and regular floatation method.

The poultry industry is one of the most important source of protein supply in human societies which is always challenge by various diseases like Newcastle. It is essential to improve immune function to prevent serious damage in poultry herds. Peliom is a herbal medicine, PelargoniumSidoides root extract that is able to cure acutebronchit and symptoms of bronchits, commoncold and symptoms, Asthma, Bactrial and viral disease and improvement of immunue system. This study is, The Effects Of Peliom On Immunity, growth performance, Feed conversion raito in broilers chicks. In this study, 100 Ross308 broilers were randomly divide into five treatment groups. Different dosage of peliom were add to water three days before and after of vaccination and 10 birds from each group selected for blood sampling in order to evalue antibody titrs against Newcastle, HI test were performed in 1,14,21,28,35,42th days. In 35th day Newcastle velogenic virus was injected to eight birds from each group. In this study peliom had no significant effect on food intake, appetite, FCR. after 3th week Peliom (dose-dependent) was able to improve significantly the antibody against Newcastle in some of the treatments studied (P <0.05).

The present study aimed to isolate and identify superficial fungal flora of the skin and gills of rainbow trout in the Shahrood city. Specimens were taken from the gill and skin of 100 rainbow trout from 5 fish farms during winter and spring, then were cultured on SDA and GPA medium. Isolated fungi were identified according to the colony morphologies and microscopic characteristics. In this study, 11 genera of fungi, including Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Phoma sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Rhodotorula sp., Candida sp., Geotricum sp., Trichosporon sp., and Malassezia sp. were isolated that Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp. are pathogenic aquatic fungi. The most prevalent fungi were related to Aspergillus (16.66% on the skin and 23.8% in gill). Variety of isolated fungi indicated that sanitary and environmental condition of the farms are unfavourable and would cause a decrease in total production, an increase of fungal infection and treatment cost. Ecological differences play an important role in the species diversity of superficial fungal flora.

Identification and morphoanatomic evaluations of Persian Gulf species are the primary steps of the possibility assessments of culture, propagation and mass production of this species and preventing the importation and culture of invasive and non native species in inland waters. Three genus (G) of Haemulidae family exist in Persian Gulf (One species in (G)Diagrama sp. And (G)Plectorhynchus sp < em>. and five species in (G)Pomadasys sp.). No integrated study on Persian Gulf Grunter morphology was observed by authors then 11 male Javelin Grunter have been caught and in order to make a better penetration of fixative (formalin solution 10%) an incision was made on the abdomen (anterior side of the anus) then fish were transported into aquatic lab of Kerman university for anatomic and biometric investigations. The morphometric traits (total, standard and forkal length, head length, body depth, orbit and iris diameter and optic distance) and numerable meristic parameters (lateral line scales, number of fin rays and pharyngeal teeth) and digestive organs length were assayed. The relative length of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus stomach and intestine were respectively 14.1, 5.9, 5.4, 15.9 and 56.9%. The pharyngeal teeth formula was 4.5.4.5.5—5.5.5.4.4 on the ceiling and 2.5.9.10.9—8.8.7.7.4 at the bottom of pharynx. The findings confirm the dependency of this fish to Haemulidae and are in accordance with the carni/omnivorous feeding habit.

Abstract Parathormone helps maintain plasma calcium concentration. Little researches have been done about anatomical and histological characteristics of the camel parathyroid gland in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical and histological structures of parathyroid glands of one-humped camels. Macroscopic structures such as topographical and morphological characteristics of the Parathyroid glands of 40 one-humped camels (20 males and 20 females) were studied. Microscopic structures of these glands were studied after sectioning and staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Werhooph, and Toluidine blue. The parathyroid gland in the one-humped camel contained two pairs of internal and external parathyroid. The external part of the parathyroid gland is covered by the cranial end of the thyroid gland, whereas the internal part of the parathyroid gland is located into the caudal end of the thyroid lobe and near its ventral border. Data analyzing of weight and dimension of these glands by SPSS revealed that there are no significant differences between male and female camels. Without significant differences, the weight and dimension of the right external parathyroid gland are greater than the same left gland in both male and female camels. Both chief and oxyphil cells are presented in the parathyroid glands of one-humped camels. The oxyphil cells are located between the chief cells both in small clusters or single and their population is smaller than the chief cells. This study reveals that there are not many differences in anatomical or histological characteristics of parathyroid glands between one-humped camels and other domestic mammals.

Presence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) such as CTX-M is one of the major reasons for resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to β-lactam antibiotics. Since there is no detailed description in prevalence of CTX-M in Escherichia coli isolates in Semnan provine of Iran, the purpose of this study was determination of prevalence of production blaCTX-M type gene in broiler chicken farms in Semnan. In this study, of 156 isolates collected from poultry farms and veterinary laboratories, 100 strains includes 50 E. coli from cloac of apparently healthy broilers and 50 E. coli from viscera of broilers, which was isolated and purified by biochemical differential tests after confirmation. BlaCTX-Mgene was determined by PCR amplification. The results of this study showed that 18% (9 strains isolated from suspicious viscera and 9 strains from healthy birds) strains had blaCTX-M gene. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of blaCTX-Mgene, which indicates that healthy broilers in Semnan broiler farms could be as an important reservoir for dissemination of antimicrobial resistance by contaminating food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to plan continuous health care programs against the risk of the presence of ESBLs-causing microorganisms.

Rearing of Sangesari breed in Semnan province depends on Chashm rangeland and determining the quality of forage is one of the most important factors for proper management of rangelands, therefore,this study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of Chasham rangeland and compare it with sheep requirements. Samples obtained by using quadrate dropping in 20 replicates and after identifying of the genus and species, proximate analysis, determining calcium and phosphorus, fibers, dry matter and crude protein degradability and invitro digestibility  (Tilly &Terry and Gas Production techniques) were done. Results showed this pasture included five species from four families included Asteraceae, Rhamaaceae, Polygonaceae, Fabaceae. Amount of DM, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, EE, calcium, phosphorus and Ash were 94.24, 8.23, 35.75, 65.15, 50.30, 14.20, 1.15, 1.229, 0.085, 8.25 percent respectively and metabolizable energy concentration was 1.40 Mcal/KgDM. Generally, this pasture in major parameters (Energy and Protein) have the nutritive value between Conventional Forages (alfalfa and straw(. As a conclusion, feeding sheep (in different periods of life),on this pasture could not lead to meet all nutrients requirements exceptcalcium and to achievement to maximum production efficiency using of supplementary feeding is necessary

Transfer of immunoglobulin from mother to baby through placenta or colostrum is called passive transfer (PT). The ruminant placenta is a syndesmochorial type and is a barrier against the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood to the infant. Therefore, in ruminants, the inability to transmit colostrum immunoglobulins is called Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT). This study aimed to determine the percentage of FPT in lambs and kids in Garmsar County and the effect of factors such as race, gender, mother's age, mother's parturition and type of livestock (lamb or kid) on FPT. This study was performed on 101 healthy 2-4 day-old lamb and kid in 10 herds of sheep and goats in Garmsar County. After examination, confirmation of clinical health, sex, age, race, birthday time, number of mothers, parturition, maternal age and newborn weight, 3 ml of sterile blood was obtained from the jugular vein. These samples were immediately referred to the lab in without anticoagulant tube and adjacent to the ice. The biuret method and Zn-sulfate turbidity test were determined on the level of total protein and immunoglobulin G serum. The results of this study revealed 50/50% occurrence of FPT in the lambs and kids understudy, the relationship between race and sex with the incidence of FPT, and the lack of relation between maternal age, mother's parturition and type of livestock with the incidence of FPT.